Material properties refer to the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance that define its behavior under various conditions. This includes properties such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, density, and corrosion resistance. Understanding material properties is essential for designing and engineering materials for specific applications. Researchers in this field study how different materials respond to external stimuli and how they can be manipulated to improve their performance in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and construction. By studying material properties, researchers can develop new materials with enhanced qualities and properties for specific applications.